Record of Foreign Lands: At the furthest northwest reaches of Asia, there is a great nation called Moscovia original: 莫哥斯未亞 (Mogesiweiya); the Latin-based transcription of Moscovia

This is Russia original: 鄂羅斯 (Eluosi). The scholar Yu Zhengxie A famous Qing Dynasty polymath (1775–1840) argued that this book was unaware of Russia's existence. However, how could he not know that the sounds and characters used by foreign regions vary? Furthermore, at the time this was written, Russia had not yet annexed the lands of Siberia original: 西費雅 (Xifeiya). Even in books from the Japanese court, Russia is sometimes called "Rakshasa" original: 羅刹 (Luosha); a term often used in early Sino-Russian encounters and sometimes the "Luoche Kingdom." Does that mean they also did not know of Russia?

Bone likely referring to walrus or mammoth ivory is used to manufacture items such as bowls, plates, and combs. Its nature is extremely cold; it is said that eating from it can dispel agitation and heat. This land is exceptionally cold and is located less than a month’s journey from the Northern Great Ocean. The length of day and night is such that it never becomes truly dark; even when the sun has set and the night is deep, one can still play games like chess. In just a few moments, the eastern sky begins to dawn. This matches the accounts in the Book of Tang regarding the Kurikan original: 骨利幹 (Guligan); an ancient Turkic-speaking people near Lake Baikal people, located north of the sable-producing regions. The "long nights near the place where the sun sets" described in those records refers to this very land. In the sable-producing regions, there is the land of Yatku original: 牙特庫 (Yateku); likely referring to Yakutsk in the extreme northeast. Precious items include silver squirrel and blue squirrel pelts, as well as shiti and helitie transliterated names for local fur varieties. There is a type of fish produced here; it has no scales, and its spine and ribs have three connected bones. It is no more than three feet long and its flavor is quite excellent. Before the ice freezes, many people travel up the Ob River original: 鄂布河 (Ebu He) from the Northern Sea to harvest and eat them. There is also a fish called the Emoyao, which is only about a foot long. Within five days after the White Dew A traditional Chinese solar term beginning around September 7th, they swim upstream from Lake Baikal original: 白哈兒 (Baiha’er) in such numbers that they are inexhaustible. Within the various rivers, there are sturgeon, trout, carp, snakehead, yellowtail, and flounder, as well as the Hahula fish, Taku fish, stonestripe fish, Lushuhu fish, Song'ada fish, Goushen fish, and Yalu fish These are a mix of standard Chinese fish names and transliterations of local Siberian/Russian species names.

The east-west breadth is fifteen thousand li