Vat.gr.244

The one who solved this before Porphyry regarding the five sounds the predicables is handed down... Porphyry's shapes of the five sounds are not ...? but many, twenty rules ...? the ancients have discussed much regarding the five sounds. Porphyry's solution, at least, by saying these things, since it has proceeded from things outward. The teaching of those who are human and...

Immediately regarding genera and species.

Whether genus the general category subsists, or whether it lies only in bare thoughts mere mental concepts; or whether, even if they subsist, they are certain bodies material things or incorporeal non-material; and whether they are separable or subsisting in sensible things and existing around them, I will decline to say. This is a very deep subject and requires another, greater examination. But how the ancients, and especially those from the Peripatetic school of Aristotle, discussed them more logically, I will now try to show.

Note the division of the species?

Man and horse and the rest exist only in bare thoughts. But there are also certain things that subsist. And they are already considered from the individual before the matter. And others are in the matter and inseparable from them, being considered; such as that which is in the wood and the stone and the bronze. For these, known beforehand from above by God, are viewed not only subsisting but also regarding the genera and the species ...? and are otherwise and just as some of those lying in thought. That is to say, whether they are being, and he receives perception from the non-being that the thing happening is an image; and those in thoughts ...? fashioned and thought. We say that this Plato and Plato saw: to think of man generally; and horse and ox and donkey and the rest; to think of animals generally; fashioning these from the people. And many are the general things and the species that subsist; whether they are bodies or incorporeal. And they are incorporeal in the thoughts, but not for this reason does it please Porphyry himself to say it, but to follow nature itself. That the intelligible things are taken from the things themselves and from the individual is clear. In this subject we will not solve that the five sounds are; but now, as in an introduction, regarding the genera and the species and the rest, we will perform the knowledge of the five sounds in the thought more than the present one regarding them. Because it has been said before the ancients as especially and no one is able...

(Right Column)
... of those things being spectacles and prepared by nature, and others becoming by the nature of animals; such as the species that it is a horse or an ox. These are also subsisting. But those in the species alone are thought by nature and human intellect, that man or animal existing in the individual; and the general and specific things that are in the many... the question whether they are in the sensible things or outside them, this Plato first investigated... For the genera and the species subsist in the many, but are also thought of themselves by themselves... And the non-corporeal is said regarding the intelligible...