Metaphysics and Ethics

sm .29. it is said that falsehood? happens? not? given? any doubt? degree?.
sm .30. it is spoken concerning the false.
sm .31. it is spoken concerning the accident?.
sm .32. it is spoken concerning the accident.

Chapters of the 6th book.

Under .1. it contains .4. chapters.
sm .1. it is spoken concerning the order of this science to others.
sm .2. it is spoken concerning one mode of being which is not per se; it is spoken of being per accidens, how it might be.
sm .3. it is spoken concerning the cause of being per accidens, and that there cannot be science of it, but it is a thing more because of which it is reduced to accidents.
sm .4. it is spoken concerning the true and it signifies the unity of the proposition.

Chapters of the 7th book.

Under .1. to .3. they contain .3. chapters.
sm The first chapter says that substance is being, in which it is called being, and since it is substance it is spoken of in several ways, namely by definition and cognition, as is evident through opposite reasonings.
sm .2. it is spoken of the opinions concerning substance according to those who said that substances are sensible only, and of those who said substances are mathematical, namely numbers, lines, surfaces, and concerning bodies.
sm .3. it is spoken that substance is named in four orders, namely that which is the subject, the genus, and the universal, and of the division of the subject into matter, form, and the composite.
sm .4. to .6. contain .3. chapters.
sm .4. it is spoken concerning quiddity according to itself, and that quiddity is properly found only in substance, and in others only after a fashion and by way of example.
sm .5. it is spoken of that which is said concerning quiddity in things that do not have a simple definition because they are by addition, such as adjectives, as with "snub-nosed," and this so that notification might be made, since they are not properly quiddities of being in so far as they are such.
sm .6. it is spoken whether quiddity and each thing are the same, and it is concluded that in per se beings the whole is one and the same essence.
sub .7. to .9. contain .3. chapters.
sm .7. it is spoken concerning generation and its modes, namely from nature, and from art, and from chance, and that in every generation it is necessary for matter and form to pre-exist.
sm .8. it is spoken concerning those things which are made by generation according to essence, and that there is no generation of form nor of matter, but of the whole composite which, through form in matter, is reduced to act.
sm .9. it is spoken why there are some things which are produced per se by art, such as health, and some are not produced per se but according to accident.
sm .10. to .11. contain .2. chapters.
sm .10. it is spoken whether the parts of quiddity and definition belong to the definition of the whole, and it is concluded that the parts of the animal do not belong to the definition, but the parts of the form.
sm .11. it is spoken whether substance is from definition and concerning its parts, and that there is not one form for all things, but to each its own.
sm .12. it is spoken concerning the unity of definition and how one is one definition, and it concludes that the unity of definition is through one being in act.
sub .13. to .14. contain .2. chapters.
sm .13. it is spoken concerning the universal and that none of the universals is a substance.
sm .14. it is spoken against the Platonists who posited ideas and universal forms to be substances.
sm .15. it is spoken why there is neither definition nor demonstration of singular substances, and especially concerning the parts of animals which some wanted to be substances.
sm .16. it is spoken concerning the parts of animals and concerning the elements of the world, that they are not substances properly, but are in potency, as parts in the whole.
sm .17. it is spoken that substance is principle and cause, and through this, the inquiry "what is substance" is moved, in order to know why substance is substance.

Chapters of the 8th book.

sub .1. to .3. contain .3. chapters.
sm The first recapitulates those things which were said in the 7th book concerning substance and says that substance is first among beings and is divided into sensible and non-sensible substance, and it divides the sensible into eternal and corruptible.
sm .2. it is spoken concerning sensible material substance according to what is defined by matter and form, and according to what is called being in act and being in potency.
sm .3. it is spoken concerning the names and definitions of things, and it concludes that names signify the whole composite, and definitions likewise.
sub .4. to .5. contain .2. chapters.
sm .4. it is spoken concerning matter and concerning the material cause, and that there is not the same matter for all things, but it is diverse according to genera and species.
sm .5. it is spoken concerning those things which do not have matter except according to place, as are the celestial bodies, and it concludes that their unity is through one form.
sm .6. it is spoken concerning the cause of unity and definition, and it concludes that the unity of definition is through one form and one act.

Chapters of the 9th book.

sub .1. to .5. contain .5. chapters.
sm The first is spoken concerning potency and its modes, namely concerning active and passive potency, and concerning potency according to place and according to other species of motion.
sm .2. it is spoken concerning the distinction of rational and irrational potencies, and it says that the rational ones are of contraries, but the irrational ones are not, except of one only.
sm .3. it is spoken against those who deny potency in things but say that potency is only when there is act, and it concludes this to be inconvenient.
sm .4. it is spoken that it is possible for that toward which there is potency to be reduced to act, and that it is not true to say that every possibility is to act.
sm .5. it is spoken how potencies are acquired in us, namely some through exercise, some through teaching.
sm .6. it is spoken concerning act, what it is, and it is divided into motion and operation, and it concludes that act is prior to potency.

sm .7. it is spoken [illegible] some eternal substance [illegible]
sm .8. it is spoken [illegible] science is one and the same [illegible]
sm .9. it is spoken that act is better and more honorable than potency, and this it proves through the reason of good and evil.
sm .10. it is spoken concerning true and false in propositions and in things, and it says that the true and the false consist in the composition and division of beings.

Chapters of the 10th book.

sub .1. to .2. contain .2. chapters.
sm The first is spoken concerning "one," in how many ways it is said, and says that it is said in four ways, namely of the continuous, of the whole, of the singular, and of the universal.
sm .2. it is spoken concerning unity and "the one," and it says that the one is not substance but being, and that it is not outside things as Pythagoras said.
sm .3. it is spoken concerning those things which are opposites to the one, such as multitude, and it says that the one and many are opposed according to division? and difference.
sm .4. it is spoken concerning contrariety, and it says that contrariety is the greatest difference, and it is spoken of the middle between contraries.
sm .5. it is spoken concerning the middle between contraries, and it says that the middle is composed from the contraries.
sm .6. it is spoken concerning the opposition between the one and many, and it says that they are opposed as small and great [illegible]
sm .7. it is spoken concerning those things which are middles between extremes, and it says that they are composed from the extremes.
sm .8. it is spoken concerning the difference according to species, and it says that the difference according to species is through contrariety in the same genus.
sm .9. it is spoken why some things are contrary in species and some not, such as masculine and feminine in animals.
sm .10. it is spoken concerning the difference of the corruptible and incorruptible, and it says that these two differ more than according to species.

Chapters of the 11th book.

sub .1. to .3. contain .3. chapters.
sm The first recapitulates those things which were said in the 3rd book concerning doubts about beings.
sm .2. recapitulates those things which were said in the 4th book concerning being as being and concerning the principles of demonstration.
sm .3. it is spoken concerning the unity of this science and how it considers being and those things which follow being, such as the one and many, contrariety, et cetera.
sm .4. it is spoken concerning the distinction of this science from other special ones, and it says that this one considers being as being and reduces [it] to one.
sub .5. to .6. contain .2. chapters.
sm .5. it is spoken concerning the first principles of demonstration, and it says that the principal principle is that it is not the same to be and not to be at the same time.
sm .6. it is spoken concerning the opinion of Protagoras and others who said all things are seen as they appear to man, and it concludes against them.
sm .7. it is spoken concerning those things which were said in the 6th book concerning the triple part of speculative philosophy, namely mathematics, physics, and theology.
sm .8. it is spoken concerning being per accidens and being as true, and it says that of being per accidens there is no science, nor does it have matter.
sub .9. to .12. contain .4. chapters.
sm .9. it is spoken concerning motion and transmutation, and it says that motion is the act of being in potency according as it is in potency.
sm .10. it is spoken concerning the infinite, that it is not possible for there to be an infinite in act, neither in body nor in magnitude.
sm .11. it is spoken concerning mutation according to itself and per accidens, and it says that mutation is triple, namely generation, corruption, and motion.
sm .12. it is spoken concerning motion, in which predicaments it might be, and it says that it is only in three, namely in quality, quantity, and place.

Chapters of the 12th book.

sub .1. to .5. contain .5. chapters.
sm The first is spoken concerning substance and concerning the order of beings, and it says that there are three substances, namely corruptible, such as sub-celestial bodies, and everlasting, such as celestial bodies, and the immovable.
sm .2. it is spoken concerning matter and transmutation, and it says that matter is the principle of transmutation to contraries.
sm .3. it is spoken concerning forms, and it says that form is not generated but the whole composite, and it says that forms are not before generation.
sm .4. it is spoken concerning the principles of diverse beings, and it says that all have the same principles according to analogy.
sm .5. it is spoken concerning those things which are common to all beings, namely potency and act, and concerning the first principles.
sub .6. to .10. contain .5. chapters.
sm .6. it is spoken that it is necessary to posit some eternal and immovable substance, and that this substance is act without potency.
sm .7. it is spoken concerning the first mover and how it moves, and it says that it moves as a desired and understood object, and it says that the first mover is life and blessed.
sm .8. it is spoken concerning the number of orbs and movers, and it says that there are several movers according to the number of orbs, and it posits the opinion of the astrologers concerning the spheres.
sm .9. it is spoken concerning the divine intellect and how it understands, and it says that it understands itself and that its understanding is most noble.
sm .10. it is spoken concerning the order of the universe, and it says that the good is in the universe as in an army, and it concludes the world to be governed by one.