Articella

Modes of occasions making infirmity are three. For some are called primitive, which occur to the body from the outside, such as heat and cold. There are also accidents that are moved intrinsically in the body, such as repletion and inanition. There are also others that are called conjoint, which when they are present, infirmity is present, and when they depart, infirmity departs, such as putrefaction in fevers.

¶ On the diversity of diseases.

Modes of diseases according to another division are two. Commonly or properly. Those that occur commonly or accidentally, such as percussion, combustion, biting, deception, and other harmful things. Or necessarily, such as other things mentioned above, which as has been said are associated with health and infirmity. Those that are properly diseases are either in similar members and preserve the disease, or in official ones, or in continuous division.

¶ On the modes of diseases proceeding from heat.

Modes of diseases proceeding from heat are five. ¶ The first is made from the commotion of the spirit or from the commotion of the body. From the commotion of the spirit, such as anger. From the commotion of the body, such as labor or pride. ¶ The second is, for example, the concurrence of visible heat with effect, such as hypanthassis sunstroke/exposure to sun. ¶ The third is from heat arriving at the body with power when it receives heat again sharpening it. ¶ The fourth is made from the interclusion of pores, such as from the coldness of winter. The fifth is made from the putrefaction of humors, as in fevers.

¶ On the causes of cold diseases.

Occasions for cold diseases are eight. ¶ The first is the encounter of visible cold with effect, such as the coldness of snow. ¶ The second, such as the coldness of work strongly arriving at the human body. ¶ The third is from the abundance of food arriving at the body, filling it and extinguishing natural heat. ¶ The fourth is from the smallness of food, whence natural heat is extinguished. ¶ The fifth, however, is from the abundance of cold or cold humor obstructing the pores, whence natural heat is diminished. ¶ The sixth is from the dissolution and opening of the body to dissolve and evacuate natural heat. ¶ The seventh is from excessive commotion and exercise, whence much dissolution of humors occurs, and evacuation and sweat, whence the body is attenuated. ¶ The eighth is made from rest and much occasion.

¶ On the causes of dry diseases.

Occasions for dry diseases are four. ¶ The first is the encounter of a foreign, visible, and manifest dryness with effect, such as the dryness of poison. ¶ The second, however, is from the arrival of a dry thing in the body with strength, such as vinegar, salt, or mustard. ¶ The third is the purity meaning unwholesomeness or excessive lack of moisture of food and drink. ¶ The fourth is excessive commotion and exercise.

¶ On the causes of moist diseases.

Occasions for moist diseases are four. ¶ The first, for example, the encounter of a thing bringing moisture with effect, such as a bath. ¶ The second, for example, the entry of a thing bringing moisture with strength into the body, such as fresh fish. ¶ The third, however, for example, the excess of food and drink. ¶ The fourth, such as rest and leisure.