Articella

also of drinks is made in four ways. Either from much commotion of the pushing power. Or from the weakness of the retaining [power]. Or from the abundance of humors. Or from opening medicines. ¶ Smoothness happens in two ways: namely, from within and from without. But from within, from a liquefied viscous humor. From without, however, from wax liquefied with ointment. ¶ Roughness, however, is made in two ways: from within and from without. For from within, from superfluous and sharp humor. From without, however, from smoke and dust.

¶ On the superfluity of members in number.

Superfluity of members in number happens in two ways. For if the superfluity is natural, it will be from a superfluous natural and good humor or from the abundance of the informative power. If that is outside the natural course, it will be from a non-natural and inconvenient humor, or from the abundance of power or weakness.

¶ On the diminution of members.

Diminution of members in number happens in two similar ways: either from within or from without. From within, on account of the diminution of humors. From without, from the combustion of fire, or from cold, or putrefaction, or incision. Putrefaction, however, happens either from a mortifying drink or one making putrefaction, or from the constriction and retention of that humor which is dissolved.

¶ On the magnitude of members.

Magnitude of members is made in three ways. Either from the multitude of humors. Or from the abundance of power. Or from the mixture of both. ¶ Smallness is made in three ways similarly. Either from the weakness of power. Or from incision. Or from the combustion of fire, or from the cold of snow.

¶ On the commotion of a member.

Commotion of a member from its place happens in two ways. Either from voluntary commotion. Or from a neighboring humor equal to the dissolving member and making it slippery. ¶ A member or bone exits from its joint and changes in two ways similarly. Either from the joint where separation does not convene fit/agree, or from the separation where conjunction does not convene. If this were from conjunction without separation, it will be either from the sharp humor of the patient, or from an accidental wound, or from spasm. If, however, it were from separation where conjunction does not convene, it will be either from a gross humor, or from an accidental wound, or from spasm.

¶ On the separation of a joint.

Separation of a joint happens in two ways: either intrinsically or extrinsically. ¶ Intrinsically, however, it is made either from sharp and incident humor. Or from fatty windiness distending or dissipating. ¶ Extrinsically, however, it is made either with a cut, or fracture, or excessive exercise, or incision like a sword, or that which distends like a rope, or that which strikes like a stone.

¶ On the modes and number of signs.

Genera of signs are three. For some signify health, others disease, others the neutral. ¶ Each genus of these signs is divided into two. There are also those that signify about official members. And there are those that are signified about similar members. ¶ The sign of similar parts...