Prolegomena.

nungenti (nine hundred) 285, 1. 407, 13; rutundus (round), cf. to p. 255, 18. Sometimes o is for u: circumcorses 527, 1; forcam (fork) 128, 5; fructos (fruits) 486, 6; notabundus (noting) 486, 20. There are two us: sideruum (of stars) 117, 21. Conversely, the other u is omitted in adiectum (added) 498, 10; attribunt (they attribute) 483, 5; extingunt (they extinguish) 481, 5. These singular forms are added: profluuit (it flows forth) 119, 6; guila (throat) de op. 11, 6. 10.1 In Greek words, the letter y is usually kept; i for y is very rare: autolicum 93, 2; cinosuris (Cynosuris) 33, 22; or y for i: bythynia (Bithynia) 403, 14. u for y is also rare: fruges (fruits/crops) 396, 5; paxides (Pyxides) 222, 21. We come to the consonants. The letter b in forms of the verb scribere (to write) or its derivatives before s or t is usually retained: cf. to p. 14, 18. 42, 4. Not rarely are the letters b and u permuted; b for u: adiubet (it aids) 44, 1; beneficus (beneficent) 483, 14; conlubione (agreement) 567, 7; conserbant (they preserve) 305, 6; ebulsis (torn out) 545, 7; fribolis (frivolous) 104, 19; libore (moisture) 342, 10; nobis (to us) 316, 9; proterbos (bold/insolent) 221, 19; reuolbuntur (they are rolled back) 539, 19; uibamus (we might live) 575, 10; in forms of the verb: 494, 14. 505, 7. 572, 8 al.; u for b: aceruus (heap), aceruitas (heapedness) 12, 19. 368, 6. 380, 8 and more often; aeuoris 748, 22; uiuaculus (lively) 87, 11; ureuis (brief) 523, 7; deliuasse (to have erred) 78, 2; heuetatus (blunted) 482, 7; laui (I washed) 485, 16; prouitate (probity) 485, 1; in forms of the verb: 32, 12. 182, 23. 184, 11 (dauimus - we gave). 223, 2. 465, 5. 486, 12. 490, 7. 492, 18. 508, 3. 530, 10 al. In the letter c these things are to be noted. For c, cc is almost constantly used in inbeccillus (weak), inbeccillitas (weakness) (cf. to 8, 2); a simple c is rare (598, 4. 745, 10); zaccarias is 327, 4, but zacarias 325, 15; zaccharias 358, 11; ambracchiotes (Ambraciots) 238, 12; cacchinis (laughter) 85, 2. c and ch vary in the word sepulcrum (tomb), cf. to p. 44, 23. 362, 8; sochiale (social) is singular 515, 16; in words of Greek and foreign origin: achademici 133, 7, academici more often; anacarsin (Anacharsis) 259, 15; arcipirata (pirate) 236, 1; archensilas (Arcesilaus) 185, 13; cloris (Chloris) 73, 9; coreb (Coroebus) 344, 4; cristus (Christ) 324, 16; cristiani (Christians) 406, 4; crysippus 237, 8. 656, 9, chrysippus 17, 1; dicearcus (Dicaearchus) 608, 7, dicearchus 610, 10. 627, 2; musichi (musicians) 627, 12; scola 221, 20. 224, 5, schola 222, 13; stomaci (stomachs) 412, 14. Here are aptly joined what else must be said about the letter h. It often flowed away: coortentur (let them be urged) 463, 10; exibere (to show) 482, 18. 523, 4. 15; ominis (of man) 192, 17; ortamentis (by hortaments/exhortations) 463, 7; ortensio (Hortensius) 484, 8; ostiarum (of doors) 480, 2; paretra (quiver) 455, 4; triumpabit (he will triumph) 571, 3; armoniam (harmony) 627, 12; atleticam (athletic) 68, 10; faetonte (Phaethon) 151, 11; esiodus (Hesiod) 163, 18; ieronymus (Jerome) 191, 9; tyrintius (Tirynthian) 80, 4; it sometimes migrated into a false place in Greek words: anthistenes (Antisthenes) 16, 15; aristharcus (Aristarchus) 406, 22; leuchotea (Leucothea) 82, 19; phytagoras (Pythagoras) 16, 10; tethrarcae (tetrarchs) 350, 5; it was introduced wrongly: honerauerit (he will have honored) 490, 18; most often in hii, hiis; filoctheta (Philoctetes) 33, 11; teuthaten (Teutates) 79, 2. The letter d in quidquid (whatever) is kept almost constantly (cf. to p. 8, 23), but quicquam (anything) is no less constant. Then the usual forms are ad for at (but) (cf. to p. 8, 11), usually adque (and) (cf. to p. 7, 2), adquin, atquin is very rare, atqui does not occur (cf. to p. 12, 1); often aliquit (something) (cf. to p. 106, 3), aliut (another) (very inconsistently, cf. 120, 1 s.), aput (at/among), illut (that), istut (that), sometimes quit (what) (cf. to 84, 2), very rarely set (but). These are added: athibere (to apply) 536, 13; athuc (still) 221, 3. 302, 16. 453, 6 similar. The form prodeesse (to be profitable) is almost constant (103, 9. 263, 25. 400, 13. 437, 6 al.), prodest (it is profitable) is 573, 19. f and ph vary greatly in Greek words, although f is read more often than ph (cf. to p. 6, 17); however, philosophus (philosopher) is often used. To give an example, in chapter 2 of Book III of the Institutions, these forms are written: philosophi (philosophers) or derivatives p. 179, 23. 180, 8. 21. 24. 181, 5; philosofum (philosopher) 180, 20; filosophia (philosophy) 180, 1; filosofia 180, 7. The letter g is rare in neglegere (to neglect) (193, 10. 480, 1), usually c remained. There is often a double l in uellit (he wishes); then in dilluuio (flood) 160, 14. 517, 20; dissolluit (he dissolves) 157, 17. The letter m often flowed away at the end of words: declaratu (declared) 498, 21; disserendu (discerning) 494, 15; exercitu (army) 498, 5; exeundu (going out) 571, 8; inferoru (of those below) 487, 15; praepositu (set before) 488, 7; 42. 4. 120, 3. 128, 17. 364, 1. 372, 7. 384, 1. 385, 11. 420, 8. 421, 5. 484, 9. 486, 17. 504, 11. 505, 8. 509, 9. 529, 1 al. Conversely, no less often, in the manner of lowest Latinity, the accusative is written for the ablative: a ueritatem (from the truth) 170, 3; cum pulchritudinem (with beauty) 490, 1; pro libertatem (for liberty) 502, 10; egeret auctorem (he lacked an author) 14, 14; probationem indigeret (he needed proof) 138, 1; posuit in umorem (he placed into moisture) 16, 9; 115, 15. 223, 6. 274, 9. 282, 13. 369, 19. 424, 21. 488, 17. 507, 10 al. They have the letter n in famonsissimam (most famous) 224, 2; formonsum (beautiful) 170, 20; archensilas (Arcesilaus) 185, 13; occansus (setting/west) 505, 11. de ira 13, 5. Then n is for m: iandudum (long since) 86, 3; inbres (rains) 231, 23; tenptauit (he attempted) 446, 13; conversely m for n: nom possum (I cannot) (but corrected by hand 1) de opif. 6, 1; forsitam ante beneficia (perhaps before benefits) 743, 17; forsam (perhaps) 531, 6; clamdestinus (clandestine) 422, 7; quorumdam (of certain ones) 191, 12. The letter p in all forms of the verb reperire (to find) is usually written double (cf. to p. 5, 10), it is very rarely found single. p has crept into contempnere (to despise) (206, 17. 210, 16. 248, 17); uolunptas (will) 116, 16. 463, 21; uolumptas is 496, 16. 497, 6; it is omitted in adsumtio (assumption) 119, 21; consumsit (he consumed) 35, 21; sumserunt (they took) 109, 12; contemtui (to contempt) 395, 17. For quu, cu is usually kept (such as aecum 429, 4, more often locuntur (they speak), relincunt (they leave), secuntur (they follow)), but also qu: antiqus (ancient) 42, 2. 313, 17; equm (horse) 457, 4; iniqus (unjust) 106, 18; loquntur (they speak) 254, 19; sequntur (they follow) 72, 21. 258, 22. 380, 14. 480, 18. 501, 17. 567, 18; quu is rarely written: antiquum (ancient) 313, 16; loquuntur (they speak) 489, 5. 509, 11; sequuntur (they follow) 501, 8. 507, 12; locuuntur is 524, 14. The letter s in those words which are composed of the preposition ex and words beginning with the consonant s is usually omitted, such as in execrabilis (execrable), exequi (to follow), exerere (to stretch out), exilium (exile), expectare (to wait for), extare (to stand out), exultare (to exult); it is rarely kept: exsecrabilis 395, 19; exsecratur (he is execrated) 160, 20; exseras (you stretch out) 104, 3; exsilium (exile) 546, 10; exsistere (to exist) 221, 13. 431, 22. For s, x is written in sinixtrae (on the left) de opif. 10, 9, for x however often cs: aspecserit (he will have looked at) 512, 14; depencsit (he hung) 508, 7; exstincsit (he extinguished) 127, 18; fincsit (he fashioned) de opif. 11, 3; instrucsit (he instructed) 28, 18; obstrucsit (he obstructed) 494, 12; sancserunt (they sanctioned) 417, 8. 449, 16; or even xs: contexsat (he weaves together) 150, 22; sanxsit (he sanctioned) 510, 9; sexsus (sex) 155, 9. For t there is d more often in inquid (he says) 193, 20 (cf. to this place); also capud (head) 129, 5. — In compound words, the end letters of prepositions are either assimilated or not assimilated without a certain law (adtulit, attulit; inpius, impius; obtulit, optingit): which inconsistency I did not want to change in the edition.

1: It is strange that the same form is p. 545, 1 in R: guilae (of the throat), and p. 564, 4 in H: guylae; add also stranguilent (they throttle) in R 427, 5. 559, 8, stranguilassent (they had throttled) in H 559, 8: in which forms the letter i cannot be referred to the case.