Articella (The Little Art of Medicine)

The text continues the categorization of sediment levels.
the lower place, we have exposed the hypostasis; in the same way, let us do [this] for the middle hypostasis, which is called enozima, and let us state its differences in the description thus:

Urine enozima continuous equal: urine enozima continuous unequal: urine enozima not continuous unequal: urine enozima not continuous equal.

These, therefore, are the differences of the enozima, which we have exposed in the description: the preceding discourse will teach the significations of each difference, [concerning] what each might signify. But according to the third difference of the sediment, which holds the upper place, which is also called nubes cloud, we shall expose such differences in the description: and we shall state what they signify in the following reason: and we shall not omit the significations of such things. There is, therefore, also a description of it thus: White cloud not continuous equal, white cloud not continuous and unequal, urine cloud continuous equal, and white cloud continuous unequal.

Regarding the operations of the three hypostases, we have spoken, omitting nothing: and we have exposed them in the description.

Since the human body is constituted from three things, namely from spirits, humors, and from earthy, that is, firm parts. Humors are the liquid things constituting the body: and their superfluities. We have sufficiently exposed those which go out through the urine from putrefied humors. We shall say, therefore, now those which are evacuated from the firm parts of the body themselves, and let there be no less doctrine concerning urines. For some of those firm parts are softer and liquefied into the substance of oil, or are assimilated into some other form. Since, therefore, fat and flesh are the softer and more liquid of the firm parts, first, the fat resolves itself, as it is more soluble than the firm parts, then the flesh. Heat transforms the liquefied fat into the substance of oil. And since the same is not resolved at once, but has a certain principle of resolution, and ascent, and state, I shall state the knowledge of its time.

What oily oleaginosa urine signifies: and of the differences of oily urines.

The beginning of oily urines is when they have the color of oil, but appear to increase like oil. The state, however, is when they are oily: therefore, those having the color of oil declare the beginning of liquefaction when they appear watery. But those which appear like oil, made with the increase of time, have a more perfect mixture of oil to the urine: but those are made oily which are entirely urine in state: and in color and in substance they are as oil; oily, sub-black urine coming in a fever signifies incision, and spasm, and death. Since, however, fat is everywhere, it is divided among parts: for it is either along the loins and wraps around, and as if it covers them: or it is around all parts of the body; [when] fat is resolved around the loins and evacuated through the urines, it occurs more similarly than that which is fat in the whole body, for the reason that these are near the urinary passages, while those are far from them. However, Hippocrates discerningly wrote thus in the Aphorisms: In whomsoever fat sediment occurs, and has much, it signifies a kidney condition. It is manifest, however, that when the fat of the loins is resolved and urine appears in a causon burning fever having fatty hypostasis, it signifies death. If [it occurs] without fever in the elderly, such a thing occurring signifies paraplegia paralysis, that is, a loosening of a part. And regarding oily urines made from the liquefaction of fat, those things which have been said suffice.

What petal-like petaloydes urines signify: and of petal-like hypostasis.

Since, therefore, the solid parts of the body have in themselves length, and breadth, and depth, whatever is torn in breadth or scraped in the surface, as if some petals appearing in the urines: such things are demonstrative of a defect of the bladder. They have their name from these things which are similar to petals, which are from crushed wheat. According to the method spoken of above, it is determined from the loins. For if there is fever and the urine is petaloydes and has substance, the whole body suffers: if, however, there is no fever, it is a passion of the bladder. Nor are they terminated by indigestion and digestion. For if there is indigestion, it is a bad thing for the whole body: if, however, there is digestion, it is an evil of the bladder.

What bran-like furfuree hypostases of urine signify.

But when the sediment occupies the depths of the vessels, bran-like hypostases are made, and they are coarser than the petal-like ones; such urines [are] therefore significant according to the same method as the aforementioned hypostases: and [they signify] a passion of the bladder and of the whole body. For if fever is present, it is an evil of the whole body: if not, [it is an evil] of the bladder: and if anything is undigested, it is of the whole [body]: if, however, [there is] digestion, it is of the bladder: as Hippocrates says: In whomsoever bran-like [sediment] occurs in greasy urine, their bladder will remain [in a state of health].

What hair-like crinoydes urines signify.

When the sediment occupies the three dimensions of the body, namely length, breadth, and depth, such things are made coarser than the bran-like ones; and they are called crinoydes hair-like. You should know that such a thing is made if someone, lifting a millstone grinding wheat, turns the wheat into coarser parts; such coarser parts of wheat are named crinoydes. Therefore, from these things which appear in the urine, they receive their name. But such hair-like urines are [caused] either by the vehement liquefaction of solids, or by the eruption of blood. But if the urine is [thick], it is a passion of the solids: if, however, [it is] red blood, as Hippocrates says, in acute fevers, hair-like urine and having a hypostasis, it is bad. And otherwise, in long-lasting fevers, urine having hair-like hypostasis signifies departure [from the body] with other healthy things being evacuated. Urine in a fever having a hair-like enozima signifies a long-lasting disease; and regarding the coarser hypostases which are in urines and appear, the aforementioned [remarks] suffice.

What diverse urines signify: and what fetid urine signifies.

Fetid urine signifies asphyxia failure of vital power: urine of bad odor and biting [the senses] signifies the putrefaction of humors. And again, in watery fever, and urine in enozimatous urines, fetid [urine] settles the delirium. And otherwise, in acute fevers, greasy, black, and fetid urine, with the bladder having nothing bad, signifies death. And otherwise, urine having a heavy odor signifies liquefaction: it signifies, however, the putrefaction and mortification of nature. And regarding such urines, those things which have been said suffice.

Concerning sediments and colors and substances joined together.

Since, however, we have made the complexes of pus and thin and greasy substances with colors, now let us join the effusion and the sediment with the competent colors: and we shall append what each one signifies: and since the sediment according to substance is greasy, it is manifest that it is made such by strength or from the abundance of greasy and raw humors, and the rest: this cannot agree with a thin substance of sediment. We join, therefore, the greasy effusion itself with the hypostasis and with red color, and with reddish. In those complexes, indeed, colors signifying indigestion cannot agree. We shall begin, therefore, to make the complex with reddish and red color, since this is made from watery blood, but this [is made] from perfect [blood]. But you must know that some colors joined in the substances of the effusion are also in the hypostases, though not perfect: some are made in substances, but are imperfect in hypostases.

Greasy and reddish sediment with greasy substance of urine.

This complex exists just as was said above: and it signifies the length of the disease: or as if the urine is reddish and the hypostasis is reddish and continuous and equal: greasy and red sediment with greasy substance of urine.

Greasy black sediment with greasy substance of urine and black.

That complex exists; and it signifies the multitude of blood, both from the substance and from the sediment.

Concerning black and greasy sediment with greasy substance.

And this complex exists and shows burning, both according to substance and sediment: similarly, however, it declares the same significations of superfluity and lack with colors joined to the substance and sediment: except for the mediocrity of both: substance and sediment, when [they are] according to the colors of nature, namely reddish, and with red; for indeed these signify perfect digestion, both in substance, and in sediment, and in color. And regarding the discipline of urines, both according to genera and species and differences, we have conveniently exposed.