Tabulae totius dialectices, aliarum artium instrumenti ...

demonstratively, regarding phrasing, by way of excellence.

Individuals properly so-called are not predicables.

Individual terms.

General terms.

Mars, Pluto, Cicero, Cerberus, Pegasus, Sirius, Ossa, Oceanus, the Aegean, Italy, Rome, and other proper names, which are sometimes noted by a demonstrative pronoun, as for example this herb. Likewise, the gold of Croesus, the testament of Titius, or any other periphrasis indicating a thing with certain marks: as, the writer or poet of the Trojan War, that is, Homer; the son of Laertes, Ulysses. Because individuals are said of one only and not of many, some exclude them from the number of these words. These are commonly called singular terms in the treatment of propositions, whereas common words are called universal terms. Grammatically, the former are called proper nouns of quality, and the latter, appellatives. The origin of all common words is the individual, to which the lowest species is immediately attributed, and to this the genus, as: Virgil is a human, a human is an animal.

Regarding common words. VI.

Those which are said of many are called common words, which are counted in this order: five are genus, species, difference, proper, and accident. And they call genus the first predicable, species the second, difference the third, proper the fourth, and accident the fifth. We, so that boys may understand the matter more easily, prefer to begin from the species, which is placed second among the common words.

Regarding species. VII.

Species, the second common word. Porphyry, chapter on species.

SPECIES, or form, is that of which the genus is said in the question "what is it," or that which is subjected to the genus: