Theses iuridicae et inaugurales de appellationibus

They are proposed according to their diversity.

VI.
Since it is established that an appeal is a form of defense, it is rightly permitted to all—not only to those who are condemned, whether one person or many—but also to those who have an interest in the sentence not having been passed in such a manner, whether in their own name or in the name of another.

VII.
If, however, someone interposes an appeal for another without a mandate, he must prove that he obtained the ratification of the person for whom he appeals within a suitable time, namely ten days.

VIII.
Even when many are condemned by one sentence, when there is one and the same cause of defense for all, the provocation of one or a few benefits the rest who do not appeal.

IX.
Some, although condemned, are nevertheless prohibited by the Laws from appealing: such as the contumacious one who defies the court, the confessed, the convicted, and those condemned for a public or fiscal debt. However, in the latter case, they wish this to be understood with a limitation: that it holds place when it is a matter of avoiding loss, not of seeking profit.

X.
Furthermore, it is permitted to appeal from all judges, both delegated and ordinary, who nevertheless acknowledge a superior.